. The drug plants of Illinois. Botany, Medical; Botany. Tehon THE DRUG PLANTS OF ILLINOIS 101 SAMBUGUS CANADENSIS L. Elderberry, sweet elder, American elder. Caprifoliaceae.—An erect, many- stemmed, smooth shrub 5 to 10 feet tall; bark gray; stems and branches with large pith; leaves pinnately compound, 6 to 10 inches long, opposite; leaflets ovate, point- ed, serrate, generally 5 or 7 in number, up to 5 inches long; flowers white, small, 5- parted, numerous in a large, terminal, branched inflorescence; fruit a black, glo- bose, 3- to 5-seeded berry with crimson juice. The flowers, the berries
. The drug plants of Illinois. Botany, Medical; Botany. Tehon THE DRUG PLANTS OF ILLINOIS 101 SAMBUGUS CANADENSIS L. Elderberry, sweet elder, American elder. Caprifoliaceae.—An erect, many- stemmed, smooth shrub 5 to 10 feet tall; bark gray; stems and branches with large pith; leaves pinnately compound, 6 to 10 inches long, opposite; leaflets ovate, point- ed, serrate, generally 5 or 7 in number, up to 5 inches long; flowers white, small, 5- parted, numerous in a large, terminal, branched inflorescence; fruit a black, glo- bose, 3- to 5-seeded berry with crimson juice. The flowers, the berries when ripe, the inner bark of the stem, and the bark of the root collected. Frequent to common along streams and in moist, open soil throughout the state. The berries contain malic acid ; the flowers contain a volatile butyraceous oil, tannin, and mucilage; the bark contains valerianic acid ; all parts contain a bitter alkaloid and a glucoside which can yield prussic acid. The bark is used as a cathartic, the berries are used in cooling drinks, the flowers as a mild astringent in eye SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS L. Bloodroot, red-root, puccoon root, red puccoon, pauson. Papaveraceae.—A low, stemless, 1-leafed, glaucous, smooth herb V^ to li/^ feet tall, perennial; root- stock horizontal, fleshy, l/^ to 1 inch thick, 1 to 3 inches long, fibrous-rooted, contain- ing a blood-red juice; leaf palmately 5- to 9-lobed, at first 2 to 3 inches wide and raised on its petiole to about the height of the blossom, later 6 to 12 inches long and raised to a height of 12 to 14 inches; flowers white, waxy, 1 to \Yi inches wide, solitary on a stalk about 6 inches tall; fruit an oblong, many-seeded capsule, 1 inch long. The rootstock is collected in the fall. Frequent, locally common, in rich woods throughout the state. Contains a resinous acid and several toxic alkaloids, among the latter sanguinarine. Used as a stimulating expectorant, sternuta- tory, and Please note that these
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