. The Canadian field-naturalist. Figure 1. Illustration of Psilocarphus elatior (line drawing by Elizabeth J. Stephen in Douglas [1995, 1998]). californica). Toad Rush {Juncus bufonis). Perennial Ryegrass {Lolium perenne) and Small Hop-clover (Trifolium dubium). Introduced species are more abun- dant here than at the Somenos Lake site and appear to be increasing yearly. The Christmas Hill site, although smaller than the previous two sites, is in relatively good condition. Native species in this habitat include Carolina Meadow-foxtail {Alopecurus carolinianus), Green- sheathed Sedge (Carex feta
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Figure 1. Illustration of Psilocarphus elatior (line drawing by Elizabeth J. Stephen in Douglas [1995, 1998]). californica). Toad Rush {Juncus bufonis). Perennial Ryegrass {Lolium perenne) and Small Hop-clover (Trifolium dubium). Introduced species are more abun- dant here than at the Somenos Lake site and appear to be increasing yearly. The Christmas Hill site, although smaller than the previous two sites, is in relatively good condition. Native species in this habitat include Carolina Meadow-foxtail {Alopecurus carolinianus), Green- sheathed Sedge (Carex feta), Heterocodon (Hetero- codon rariflorum), and Scouler's Popcomflower {Plagiobothrys scouleri). The two remaining populations, at Scafe Hill and Cattle Point, occur in small depressions. These popu- lations are probably the least stable of the extant pop- ulations. The Cattle Point populations are absent dur- ing some years but the seed bank appears to remain. Psilocarphus elatior is considered to be a vernal pool specialist (Keeley and Zedler 1998). They define vernal pools as "precipitation-filled seasonal wetlands inundated during periods when temperature is suffi- cient for plant growth, followed by a brief water- logged-terrestrial stage and culminating in extreme desiccating soil conditions of extended duration". The. Figure 2. The location and status of Psilocarphus elatior sites in British Columbia (o - extirpated sites, ⢠- re- cently confirmed sites, â - present status unknown). species is able to outcompete grassland species due to its tolerance of inundation and aquatic/wetland species due to its tolerance of soil desiccation and heat during summer drought. Biology Other than general habitat information, there is little in the literature regarding the biology and ecology of Psilocarphus elatior. It is likely, however, that this plant shares many of the same traits that are typical of the Please note that these images are extracted from scanned
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