Woodcut from De Re Metallica. Alchemists or metallurgists separating lead from silver or gold in a cupellation furnace. Georgius Agricola (March 24, 1494 - November 21, 1555) was a German scholar known as "the father of mineralogy". His book De Re Metallica, published in 1556, was a treatise on mining and extractive metallurgy, illustrated with woodcuts illustrating processes to extract ores from the ground and metal from the ore, and the many uses of water mills in mining.

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Georgius Agricola, De Re Metallica, Cupellation Furnace

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