. Gray's new manual of botany. A handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Botany. 440. C. Backii. about 3 ; pistillate 2-5 ; perigynia gradually beaked ; scopes very broad and leaf-like, entirely enveloping the spike. (C. durifolia Bailey.) —Dry rocky or sandy wooded slopes, e. Que. to Assina. and B. C, locally s. to Mass., N. Y., the Great Lake region, Neb., May-July. Fig. 440. 90. C. Willdenbwii Schkuhr. Similar, softer and paler; leaves mm. wide; spike compact; pistillate flowers 3-9, stami- nate 6-12 ; pe
. Gray's new manual of botany. A handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Botany. 440. C. Backii. about 3 ; pistillate 2-5 ; perigynia gradually beaked ; scopes very broad and leaf-like, entirely enveloping the spike. (C. durifolia Bailey.) —Dry rocky or sandy wooded slopes, e. Que. to Assina. and B. C, locally s. to Mass., N. Y., the Great Lake region, Neb., May-July. Fig. 440. 90. C. Willdenbwii Schkuhr. Similar, softer and paler; leaves mm. wide; spike compact; pistillate flowers 3-9, stami- nate 6-12 ; perigynia with a rougher beak; scales chaffy, nerved, as broad as and gome- what longer than the perigynia, or the lowest rarely overtopping the spike. — Rocky woods, Mass. to Mich., and southw., local. May-July. Fig. 441. 91. C. JamSsii Sohwein. Similar; leaves 1-2 mm. wide, much surpassing the culm; 441. C. WilldenowU. spike very small; staminate flowers 8-20 ; pistillate 1-3 and loosely disposed ; perigynia produced into a very long and roughened nearly entire beak; scales narrow, the lowest often elongate, the upper often shorter than the perigynia. — Woods, N. Y. and Ont. to Mo., and southw.; frequent. May, June. Fig. 442. 92. C. scirpofdea Michx. Strict, the pistillate plant mostly stiff, 1-7 dm. high; staminate plant smaller; leaves flat, shorter than the culm; spike cm. long, densely cylindrical, very rarely with a rudimentary second spike at its base ; perigynia ovoid, short-pointed, very hairy, exceeding the eiliate purple scales. — Arctic regions, s. by cold streams and in alpine districts to Cape Breton, N. S., n. N. E., n. N. Y., L. Huron, Rocky Mts., etc. June-Aug. (Eurasia.) Fig. 443. 93. C. umbellata Schkuhr. Low and con- spicuously caespitose, forming dense mats ; leaves rather stiff, dm. long, mm. wide ; culms mostly short and croioded at the base of the leaves, or some elongate (rarely 2 dm.), bearing either staminate or pistillate s
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