. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. CARYOPHYLLEAE 149 I. Anthophora pilipes F.; 2. Andrena fulva Schr.; 3. Apis mellifica L.; 4. Bombus agrorum F.; 5. B. hortorum L.; 6. B. lapidarius L.; 7. B. mastrucatus Gers/.; 8. B. pomorum Fz.; 9. B. pratorum L.; 10. B. rajellus Z.; 11. B. sylvarum L.; 12. B. soroensis F.; 13. B. terrester Z.; 14. Osmia bicolor Schr.; 15. O. cornuta La/r. Of these, Bombus mastrucatus and B. terrester steal the nectar by perforation. Apis, Bombus pratorum, and B. soroensis
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. CARYOPHYLLEAE 149 I. Anthophora pilipes F.; 2. Andrena fulva Schr.; 3. Apis mellifica L.; 4. Bombus agrorum F.; 5. B. hortorum L.; 6. B. lapidarius L.; 7. B. mastrucatus Gers/.; 8. B. pomorum Fz.; 9. B. pratorum L.; 10. B. rajellus Z.; 11. B. sylvarum L.; 12. B. soroensis F.; 13. B. terrester Z.; 14. Osmia bicolor Schr.; 15. O. cornuta La/r. Of these, Bombus mastrucatus and B. terrester steal the nectar by perforation. Apis, Bombus pratorum, and B. soroensis steal nectar through the holes made by these humble-bees. Ricca found that 95 % of the flowers were broken, and Schulz noticed the same thing in many instances at Bozen. 370. P. serpyllacea Weihe ( = P. depressa Wender.).— Visitors.—MacLeod observed Bombus agrorum and B. hortorum in Flanders (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 246). 371. P. alpestris Reichb. (Herm. Miiller,' Alpenblumen,' p. 168-9.)—The flower me- chanism of this species agrees pretty well with that of P. comosa, but owing to the fusion of the three lower petals, there is also a certain resemblance to that of P. Chamaebuxus. Visitors.— Herm. Miiller saw only 4 sp. of butterflies in the Alps. 372. P. myrtifolia L.— Delpino (' Ult. oss.,' pp. 185-7) states that the flower mechanism agrees with those of certain Papilionaceae (Lathyrus, Phaseolus). Visitors.—The same bee—Xylocopa violacea Z.—which pollinates Lathyrus and Phaseolus does the same for this species, and in the same Fig. 43. Polygala alpeslris, Reichb. (after Herm. Mailer). A. Flower seen from below (x 7). B. The same, seen from the front, more highly magnified, tf, entrance to the flower. XV. ORDER CARYOPHYLLEAE. 1. Tribe Sileneae DC. Literature.—Knuth, Grundriss d. Bliitenbiologie, pp. 29-30. The flowers are frequently large and brightly coloured, and are rendered more conspicuous by the fact that the inflorescence i
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