. Commercialization of non-timber forest products. Factors influencing success. Lessons learned from Mexico and Bolivia and policy implications for decision- makers. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series Commercialization of non-timber forest products. Pita growing as part of an agroforestry plantation in the community of Arroyo Blanco, La Chinantla, Oaxaca, Mexico. Domestication of pita in the forest understorey protects the forest from being cleared for agriculture. It also brings the resource closer to home and under tighter individual control. CONCLUSIONS: WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COM
. Commercialization of non-timber forest products. Factors influencing success. Lessons learned from Mexico and Bolivia and policy implications for decision- makers. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series Commercialization of non-timber forest products. Pita growing as part of an agroforestry plantation in the community of Arroyo Blanco, La Chinantla, Oaxaca, Mexico. Domestication of pita in the forest understorey protects the forest from being cleared for agriculture. It also brings the resource closer to home and under tighter individual control. CONCLUSIONS: WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMERCIALIZATION AND RESOURCE STATUS? Overexploitatlon of the resource is evident to a lesser or greater extent in 75 per cent of tlie cases studied, occurring equally on private plots, communally managed and open access land. In the face of this overexploitation. there are several options available for ensuring sufficient supply, ranging from improved management of the wild resource to domestication, or purchase of the raw material from other areas. Which option a community prefers depends partly on land tenure. Domestication is particularly suitable on individual plots, while improved resource management and/or enrichment planting are appropriate on community- owned land. Another approach is to introduce processing in order to obtain higher value from a more limited resource base. Whichever route is chosen, the CEPFOR cases illustrate the importance of external intervention, pre- dominantly by NGOs, to initiate and/or support changes in resource management. Whether or not an NTFP is valuable enough to lead to the conservation of the forest resource depends on the relative value - and to whom it accrues - of the competing land use. In one case - jipi japa - the use of an NTFP by women was not valuable enough to prevent land use change to agriculture. However, in at least two other cases - rubber and pita - NTFP commercialization was considered an important reason why forest land
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