Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . eparating phloem fromthe xylem with their large tracheae (g); medullary rays cells (m) filled with abrownish amorphous substance.—After Moeller. bonates. Recently another oxymethylanthraquinone-yielding sub-stance, rheopurgarin, has been isolated from Shensi rhubarb. Itforms yellow needles, and appears to be composed of four glucosides:(a) one related to emodin, (b) one related to rhein, (c) chrysophaneir 192
Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . eparating phloem fromthe xylem with their large tracheae (g); medullary rays cells (m) filled with abrownish amorphous substance.—After Moeller. bonates. Recently another oxymethylanthraquinone-yielding sub-stance, rheopurgarin, has been isolated from Shensi rhubarb. Itforms yellow needles, and appears to be composed of four glucosides:(a) one related to emodin, (b) one related to rhein, (c) chrysophaneir 192 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY which yields chrysophanic acid, and (d) rheochrysin, which yields ayellow crystalline body, rheochrysidine, considered to be identicalwith Hesses rhabarberon or iso-emodin. The following glucosidaltannoid constituents are also present: glucogallin, yielding gallicacid, and tetrarin, yielding in addition to gallic acid, cinnamic acidand rheosmin, an aldehyde having the odor of rhubarb. A catechinresembling the catechin of gambir has also been found. Rhubarbalso contains considerable starch; calcium oxalate; and yields about15 per cent of Fig. 82.—Rhubarb: C, rosette aggregates of calcium oxalate; P, parenchymacontaining starch grains (S); T, tracheae; E, sieve; R, reddish-brown amor-phous masses separated from the resin or tannin cells. Rhubarb leaves contain oxalic acid and cases of poisoning arerecorded from their consumption. (Jour. A. M. A., 1917, p. 1954). Allied Plants.—The rhizomes of other species of Rheum are alsoused to a limited extent, as English or Austrian rhubarb from Rheumrhaponticum; they are more or less cylindrical, distinctly radiate,and contain, besides chrysophanic acid, rhapontin. Rheum palma-tum, which is cultivated in France, Germany and Russia, producesrhizomes that are lighter in color and less valuable than the Chineserhubarb, the constituents being similar to those of Austrian rhubarb. Rhapontic rhuba
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