. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 180 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. Fig. 15. Mpondo musical bow, iihadi, Lusikisiki, 1948, SAM-6681. The Mpondo were the only group in the 1930s still to use the umqunge, an earlier type than the umqube. It had a bow consisting of a single length of fairly hard'wood (Kirby 1934: 239). It was played by children in the veld (Hunter 1936: 370). Mfengu Kropf gives as Embo (Mfengu) the term inqomfiya to describe the uhadi, but no further information was obtained. Mpondomise, Hlubi, Xesibe, Bhaca No in
. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 180 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. Fig. 15. Mpondo musical bow, iihadi, Lusikisiki, 1948, SAM-6681. The Mpondo were the only group in the 1930s still to use the umqunge, an earlier type than the umqube. It had a bow consisting of a single length of fairly hard'wood (Kirby 1934: 239). It was played by children in the veld (Hunter 1936: 370). Mfengu Kropf gives as Embo (Mfengu) the term inqomfiya to describe the uhadi, but no further information was obtained. Mpondomise, Hlubi, Xesibe, Bhaca No information was obtained. DRUMS AND STICKS Terms: igubu—. . any hollow-sounding thing, such as a bottle; hence a drum, a musical band (Kropf 1915); amaqoqa—sticks about 2 feet long ... so named because of the engraving which ornaments the upper part (Kirby 1934: 21). General The only drum recorded until modern times is an ox-hide which was held out and beaten with sticks. Xhosa The only drum formerly known was the ingqongqo, played at the abakwetha, male initiates, dances. This was a dried ox-hide, fastened on poles about a metre above the ground, or held in one hand by small loops by the performers, who beat the skin with special sticks, amaqoga, held in the other hand. The amaqoga, about 60 cm long, were engraved, except for an undecorated section where they were held, by the initiates. The drum was played by close female relatives of the initiates, and was made and used only at these dances, and often destroyed thereafter. By the 1930s it was falling into disuse, and these reasons may account for the lack of later field evidence or museum specimens (Kirby 1934: 20, 21, pis 7A-B).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original South African Museum. Cape Town : The Museum
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectnaturalhistory, booky
