. Cyclopedia of farm crops. Farm produce; Agriculture. PAPER PLANTS PAPER PLANTS 509 Sisal or Henequen (Agave rigida, var. dongaia and var. Sisalana). Amaryllidacea:. Figs. 22, 399, 400. These plants are cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, Yucatan, Central America and Venezuela. The fibers are separated from the leaf by scraping. The ultimate fibers are 1 to 6 mm. long, white, lustrous and stiff. The material reaches the paper- mill in the form of cordage and old bagging and is suitable for making strong wrapping paper. [See Fiber plants.] Spruce (Picea nigra, P. alba and P. rubra). Conif-
. Cyclopedia of farm crops. Farm produce; Agriculture. PAPER PLANTS PAPER PLANTS 509 Sisal or Henequen (Agave rigida, var. dongaia and var. Sisalana). Amaryllidacea:. Figs. 22, 399, 400. These plants are cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, Yucatan, Central America and Venezuela. The fibers are separated from the leaf by scraping. The ultimate fibers are 1 to 6 mm. long, white, lustrous and stiff. The material reaches the paper- mill in the form of cordage and old bagging and is suitable for making strong wrapping paper. [See Fiber plants.] Spruce (Picea nigra, P. alba and P. rubra). Conif- ers. Fig. 73L [See Fig. ] Spruce is particularly suitable for the produc- tion of sulfite pulp made by cooking the wood with a sulfite liquor, and is still the chief source of this pulp. The bark is always removed before making the wood into pulp. Spruce is native in Canada, northern United States and in the mountains as far south as North Carolina. It is also found in northern Europe and Asia. The fibers are to mm. long and .035 mm. in diameter. The yield of paper is about 50 per cent. It is largely used in combina- tion with other materials for making lithograph, book and other printing papers, and for writing papers. Unbleached, it is also largely used with other materials for making wrapping paper. So-called manilas often consist almost entirely of unbleached spruce fiber. Straws of cereals. Graminew. Until the introduction of wood, rye- and wheat- straws were largely used in the production of news- paper material and other cheap printing paper. Straw is still used in small quantities, even in high- grade papers, to impart to them stiffness and hard- ness, but is used chiefly for strawboard, which is made in large quantities almost exclusively in the Ohio valley. Barley-, rye-, wheat- and oat-straw fibers are .1 to .5 mm. long and .0125 to .024 mm. in diameter. Rice-straw fibers are .88 mm. long and .0025 mm. in diameter. The yield of paper is about 42 per cent
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