. Birds of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains; a manual for the identification of species in hand or in the bush . as are found on all common rulers. Thelength of the bird is the distance from the tip of bill withthe neck extended to the end of the longest tail feather. Inmounted birds, allowance must be made for the curved jfHif/ is the straight distance from the bend of thewing to the tip of the longest primary. This can always beaccurately determined from any specimen; and so throughoutthe book, in both keys and descriptions, great use is madeof this measurement. The tai
. Birds of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains; a manual for the identification of species in hand or in the bush . as are found on all common rulers. Thelength of the bird is the distance from the tip of bill withthe neck extended to the end of the longest tail feather. Inmounted birds, allowance must be made for the curved jfHif/ is the straight distance from the bend of thewing to the tip of the longest primary. This can always beaccurately determined from any specimen; and so throughoutthe book, in both keys and descriptions, great use is madeof this measurement. The tail is the length of the long- METHOD OF USING THE KEY 41 est tail feather to the flesh in which it is fastened. Thiscannot be accurately measured without feeling (by placino-the thumb and first finger above and below the tail coverts)for the fleshy mass to which all tail feathers are tarsus can be readily measured. It is the distancefrom the joint at the heel to the toes. The word cuhnen isalmost always used in the book instead of bill, because itsmeasurement is more easy and certain. It is the straight dis-. tance from the beginning of the bill at the forehead to the toe measures only the length to the base of the length to the tip of nail is intended, the expression toeand nail or toe and claw is used. The name at the beginning of each description is the commonname of the bird as decided upon by the American Ornitholo-gists Union; the names at the end in parenthesis are othernames in more or less common use. 42 KEY AND DESCRIPTION For convenience of reference the pictures of bird parts arerepeated in the Key. The map on p. 41 shows the portion ofthe United States covered by the birds in this book. KEY TO THE FAMILIES OP BIRDS ♦ Swimming birds: legs rather short; three front toes either with full webbing,! or with such membranes along their sides- as to take theplace of webbing. (All birds with the front toes webbed to aboutthe nails will be found
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectbirdsunitedstates
