Fruticose (Cladonia sp.), foliose (Parmotrema sp.), and crustose (unidentified) lichens.

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Fruticose (Cladonia sp.), foliose (Parmotrema sp.), and crustose (unidentified) lichens growing on the trunk of a tree. The crustose lichens may be difficult to make out if the photograph is reproduced smaller than about 5 inches wide, but they cover just about all of the bark not covered by the other lichens.

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Size: 5030px × 3353px
Location: Massachusetts, United States
Photo credit: © Custom Life Science Images / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No

Keywords: cladonia, cladoniaceae, crustose, foliose, fruticose, fungi, fungus, islc, lichen, lichens, mutualism, mutualisms, parmotrema, symbioses, symbiosis