. The Ecology of arboreal folivores : a symposium held at the Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, May 29-31, 1975. Folivores; Forest ecology; Leaves; Mammals; Mammals. The former is primarily folivorous, and the latter mainly frugivorous. At a more subtle level, consider- able variation occurs in the proportions of leaves and fruit in the diets of African colobines (Clutton- Brock, 1974, 1975; Struhsaker, 1975). Some African cercopithecines are highly frugivorous; , Mio- pithecus talapoin, Cercocebus albigena (Malbrant and Maclatchy, 1949; J
. The Ecology of arboreal folivores : a symposium held at the Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, May 29-31, 1975. Folivores; Forest ecology; Leaves; Mammals; Mammals. The former is primarily folivorous, and the latter mainly frugivorous. At a more subtle level, consider- able variation occurs in the proportions of leaves and fruit in the diets of African colobines (Clutton- Brock, 1974, 1975; Struhsaker, 1975). Some African cercopithecines are highly frugivorous; , Mio- pithecus talapoin, Cercocebus albigena (Malbrant and Maclatchy, 1949; Jones, 1970; Jones and Sabater-Pi, 1968; Gautier-Hion, 1971). Others such as Cerco- pithecus ascanius eat very high proportions of leaves and green shoots as well as fruits (Haddow, 1952). Cercopithecus aethiops eats large amounts of leaves, flowers, and bark in addition to fruits (Dunbar and Dunbar, 1974; Struhsaker, 1967; Gartlan and Brain, 1968). There is a strong tendency for the exploitation of terrestrial forest, savannah woodland, and savannah niches by African cercopithecines (Jolly, 1970b). Among the genera which have made this transition are Mandrillus, Papio, Erythrocebus, Theropithecus, and Cercopithecus aethiops. This has been accom- panied by increases in the dietary proportions of grasses and/or other high-fiber foods in these species (Hall, 1965, 1966; Malbrant and Maclatchy, 1949; Washburn and Devore, 1961; Devore and Washburn, 1963; Aldridge-Blake, et al., 1971; Dunbar and Dun- bar, 1974; Altmann and Altmann, 1970; Kummer, 1968; Kummer and Kurt, 1963). The process appears to have gone farthest in Theropithecus which is almost wholly terrestrial and feeds almost exclusively on grass leaves (Dunbar and Dunbar, 1974). For an extensive dietary review of cercopithecids, see Kay (1978). Variations in the proportions of leaves and fruits in the diets of cercopithecids are correlated with morphological differences in their dentitions. Apart from differences in the rela
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