. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. e the change inreligious belief, was swal-lowed up by the invasionof these Northerners,Avhose institutions facili-tated the triumph of theideas of political libertyand equality, the germ ofwhich was deposited inthe Gospel. Fig. 203.—The Christian Religion assisting at the death of Jesus Christ. Crowned and triumphant,the figure holds in one hand the standard of the cross, and in the other the chalice of theeucharist.—Sculpture in Strashurg Cathedral (Thirteenth Century).—From a Photograph byCharles do Winter
. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. e the change inreligious belief, was swal-lowed up by the invasionof these Northerners,Avhose institutions facili-tated the triumph of theideas of political libertyand equality, the germ ofwhich was deposited inthe Gospel. Fig. 203.—The Christian Religion assisting at the death of Jesus Christ. Crowned and triumphant,the figure holds in one hand the standard of the cross, and in the other the chalice of theeucharist.—Sculpture in Strashurg Cathedral (Thirteenth Century).—From a Photograph byCharles do Winter, of Strasburg. 248 THE POPES. The papacy of the Middle Ages was first made illustrious by Leo I., sur-named the Great. Called to be Bishop of Rome by the people and the clergyin 440, when twenty years of age, he rendered the greatest possible servicesto civilisation during the twenty-two years of his reign. His preachings, hiswritings, his decrees, aimed chiefly at the education of his clergy and hisflock, at the maintenance of the Nicene Creed (Fig. 206), the moral improve-. Fig. 204.—The spiritual and the temporal powers dependent upon Jesus Christ, who is handing to St. Peter the keys and to Constantine the standard surmounted by the cross. Mosaic of the Tenth Century in the Basilica of St. John of Lateran, at Rome. ment of the clergy, and the upholding of discipline. He fought the hereticswith equal energy and authority; he continued the struggle of orthodoxyagainst the errors which attacked the dogma of the Incarnation, which is thebasis of Christianity, and upheld with vigilant perseverance the primitivedoctrine of the Church, so clearly defined and proclaimed during the reign ofone of his predecessors at the Council of Ephesus in 431. He was, above allthings, a skilful diplomatist and a great politician. He firmly maintained the
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