. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. 54 G. Nilson, C. Andrén & Z. Szyndlar populations occurring on the Balkan peninsula in Europe (bosniensis) and may be considered as cases of parallelism if apomorphic. But these characteristics seem rather symplesiomorphic and of comparatively low value for phylogenetic evalua- tions. However, the shape and size of the frontal and preocular must be considered as unique for these eastern populations and may express autapomorphic stages for sachalinensis. There ar
. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. 54 G. Nilson, C. Andrén & Z. Szyndlar populations occurring on the Balkan peninsula in Europe (bosniensis) and may be considered as cases of parallelism if apomorphic. But these characteristics seem rather symplesiomorphic and of comparatively low value for phylogenetic evalua- tions. However, the shape and size of the frontal and preocular must be considered as unique for these eastern populations and may express autapomorphic stages for sachalinensis. There are also some differences within the east Asian group. The Amur popula- tions are more similar to the western populations in several characters than the re- maining east Asian populations (consisting of the Sakhalin and the isolated Chinese and north Korean populations). Characters such as number of circumoculars, and ventrals in females are higher in these latter populations while number of crownscales (intersupraoculars and intercanthals) are lower in the Amur and Euro- pean populations. Now, the Chinese-Korean populations (figs 1—2) and the SakhaHn population (fig. 3) seem rather similar, but still there is some morphological separation between these two groups. The Chinese-Korean group has a tendency towards a lower number of apicals in contact with rostral, and a higher number of sublabials (Table 1) as com- pared to the Sakhalin population as well as the remaining ones in Asia and Europe (with the exception of bosniensis in Europe which also has a high number of sublabials). The Korean group is also similar to the Sakhahn and Amur populations in the characters that traditionally have been connected to the subspecies sachalinensis. n Vípera berus berus ^ Vipera berus sachalinensis Fig. 4: Distribution of the different subspecies of Vipera berus in the Far East. Former USSR — after Bannikov et al. 1977; Mongolia — after Bannikov 1958; China — after Anonymus
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