. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. REVISION OF GENUS PTYCHANDRA 233 as 'the process by which a morphological character state of species changes under natural selection arising from the presence, in the same environment, of one or more species similar to it ecologically and/or reproductively'. In the case of Pty- chandra there is not the 'control' situation discussed by Brown & Wilson (1956) where both species, overlapping and interacting, exist also allopatrically so that comparisons can be made between the sympatric and allopatric states in each species. Only l
. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. REVISION OF GENUS PTYCHANDRA 233 as 'the process by which a morphological character state of species changes under natural selection arising from the presence, in the same environment, of one or more species similar to it ecologically and/or reproductively'. In the case of Pty- chandra there is not the 'control' situation discussed by Brown & Wilson (1956) where both species, overlapping and interacting, exist also allopatrically so that comparisons can be made between the sympatric and allopatric states in each species. Only lorquinii occurs allopatrically in Luzon and the central Philippines (though interacting possibly with leucogyne). The suggestion that character displacement has occurred is based on the observation that in several characters where allopatric lorquinii lorquinii resembles schadenbergi, lorquinii plateni differs markedly from both. This is illustrated in several biometric parameters. P. lorquinii plateni is significantly larger than both other forms (P < o-ooi) indicated by characters 1-4, 10 and 13 (see Table 1). It differs significantly (P < o-ooi) in the displacement of the posterior forewing subapical ocellus character 11, plotted against character 1 in the scatter diagrams in Text-figs 20, 21. Whereas the white markings of the female forewing of /. lorquinii and schadenbergi are generally similar, those of /. plateni are modified into a band from the centre of the costa to the tornus as in female negrosensis. Biometrically (see Text-figs 16-19) lorquinii leytensis is placed with lorquinii plateni and lorquinii bazilana but in <$ and $ facies it is. Fig. 20. Ocellus displacement against forewing length for male Ptychandra schadenbergi, P. lorquinii lorquinii and P. lorquinii Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not per
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