. The Arabian Sea is semi-enclosed, characterised centrally by low oxygen levels and low productivity. Surface water in an anti-clockwise direction during the northeast monsoon (November-April) and clockwise during ihc southwest monsoon (May-October). Upwelling driven by monsoon winds tends to produce seasonal concentrations offish stocks in coastal areas, especially in eastern sectors, where artisanal and commercial fisheries exist. The Arabian Sea is relatively saline; evaporation is high and the Indus Ki\er provides the only significant freshwater input (its annual discharge o
. The Arabian Sea is semi-enclosed, characterised centrally by low oxygen levels and low productivity. Surface water in an anti-clockwise direction during the northeast monsoon (November-April) and clockwise during ihc southwest monsoon (May-October). Upwelling driven by monsoon winds tends to produce seasonal concentrations offish stocks in coastal areas, especially in eastern sectors, where artisanal and commercial fisheries exist. The Arabian Sea is relatively saline; evaporation is high and the Indus Ki\er provides the only significant freshwater input (its annual discharge of some 450 million tons ol sediment has produced an undersea delta many hundreds of square kilometres in extent). Bay of Bengal The Bay of Bengal is another semi-enclosed water mass. It maintains a clockwise surface current regardless ol monsoon season, and receives considerable freshwater input from precipitation and from the Ganges-Brahmaputra system, resulting in a two-layered stratified water column. The Ganges- also contributes an enormous sediment load to the region. BIODIVERSII ^ South Asia Regional Sea: biodiversity data endemic % endemic seagrasses coral molluscs shrimps lobsters 0 9 19 sharks 1 63 58 seabirds 0 246 6 cetaceans 0 94 27 sirenians 0 23 15 pinnipeds 6 58 17 0 26 9 0 28 32 0 1 25 _ 0 _ Notes: the data refer to species except for coral genera. Column headings: endemic = restricted to the region; T = total species richness in the region; % = species richness in the region as a percentage of the world species richness in each group of organism. A dash (-) in a cell means no data or not applicable. See Notes and Sources in the introductory text for further information on the sources, coverage and quality of the data tabulated. 81
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