. Elements of ecology. Ecology. c^^ c=^> c=s3>. Ci^SS. C=3> D:3> c=^> c^^ c^> c=^^ c^^ c=^3> Hubbs and Eschmeyer, 1938 Fig. Schematic representation of natural mortality in small-mouthed black bass. Only a few fish survive to maturity from hundreds of eggs laid. The adaptations of some plants and animals are more specifically per- fected to their environments, and their reproductive rates can con- sc quently be relatively low, but even slow breeders tend to increase, if the elephant produces only six young in its life time, as has been estimated, these creatures would
. Elements of ecology. Ecology. c^^ c=^> c=s3>. Ci^SS. C=3> D:3> c=^> c^^ c^> c=^^ c^^ c=^3> Hubbs and Eschmeyer, 1938 Fig. Schematic representation of natural mortality in small-mouthed black bass. Only a few fish survive to maturity from hundreds of eggs laid. The adaptations of some plants and animals are more specifically per- fected to their environments, and their reproductive rates can con- sc quently be relatively low, but even slow breeders tend to increase, if the elephant produces only six young in its life time, as has been estimated, these creatures would nevertheless eventually increase to such numbers, if all progeny survived, that they would cover the whole surface of Africa. An even slower breeding rate is exhibited by the California "big trees" (Sequoia gigantea) which do not pro- duce their first seeds until they are 175 or 200 years old! And yet even this species has the capacity to enlarge its population. Since no species of plant or animal goes on increasing indefinitely, we are forced to the conclusion that, whether reproduction rate is fast or slow, supernumerary individuals are killed off. Usually most of the young produced die at an early age. In the terms of the insurance. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Clarke, George L. (George Leonard), 1905-. New York, Wiley
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