. The Compleat cladist : a primer of phylogenetic procedures. Cladistic analysis; Zoology -- Classification; Phylogeny. 124 KU MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 19 Widespread Species A widespread species is one that is found in two or more areas. Obviously, this designa- tion is relative to the distributions of species in other groups. A group with a widespread species shows less endemism than a group with different species in all the areas analyzed. A species might be widespread for several reasons. 1) The species did not respond to geographic subdivision by speciating (failu
. The Compleat cladist : a primer of phylogenetic procedures. Cladistic analysis; Zoology -- Classification; Phylogeny. 124 KU MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 19 Widespread Species A widespread species is one that is found in two or more areas. Obviously, this designa- tion is relative to the distributions of species in other groups. A group with a widespread species shows less endemism than a group with different species in all the areas analyzed. A species might be widespread for several reasons. 1) The species did not respond to geographic subdivision by speciating (failure to speciate). 2) The species dispersed into one of the areas (dispersal). 3) The species is really two species, but the investigator has not detected this fact (identification error). Given that you have analyzed the phylogenetic relationships among members of the group carefully and have done your best to identify each species, the only coding strategy you can employ is to code each species where it occurs. Example demonstrates how to code for such cases. Example 7,4.—Coding widespread taxa. Continuing our example from Humphries and Parenti (1986), we consider two groups having widespread species: Tree (T) and Fish (Fi). The phylogenies of the two groups are shown in Fig. The distribution of species in each group is listed below. Tl: Australia (AS) T2: New Guinea (NG) T34: South America (SA), Africa (AF) Fil4:AS,AF Fi2: NG Fi3: SA We proceed as follows. 1. Assign ancestors to the trees (Fig. ). 2. Prepare the data matrix (Table ). In this case, we will not assume that widespread species are either useful or not useful for solving the area relationships. Therefore, both the area and the ancestor will be assigned " I" when a descendant is present. T1 T2 T34 Fi14 Fi2. Fi3. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may no
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