. Beginners' botany. Botany. PHENOGAMS AND CRYPTOGAMS 181 {phenogam signifying " showy flowers," and cryptogam " hidden flowers "), but the terms represent distinct ideas in classification. The cryptogams include three great series of plants — the Thallophytes or algae, lichens, and fungi; the Bryophytes or mosslike plants; the Pteridophytes or fernlike plants. Suggestions. —186. The parts of a fern leaf. The primary complete divisions of a frond are called pinnae, no matter whether the frond is pinnate or not. In ferns the word "pinna" is used in essentially the
. Beginners' botany. Botany. PHENOGAMS AND CRYPTOGAMS 181 {phenogam signifying " showy flowers," and cryptogam " hidden flowers "), but the terms represent distinct ideas in classification. The cryptogams include three great series of plants — the Thallophytes or algae, lichens, and fungi; the Bryophytes or mosslike plants; the Pteridophytes or fernlike plants. Suggestions. —186. The parts of a fern leaf. The primary complete divisions of a frond are called pinnae, no matter whether the frond is pinnate or not. In ferns the word "pinna" is used in essentially the same way that leaf- let is in the once-compound leaves of other plants. The secondary leaflets are called pinnules, and in thrice, or more, compound fronds, the last complete parts or leaflets are ultimate pinnules. The dia- gram (Fig. 263) will aid in making the subject clear. If the frond were not divided to the midrib, it would be simple, but this diagram represents a compound frond. Tlie general outline of the frond, as bounded by the dotted line, is ovate. The stipe is very short. The midrib of a compound frond is known as the rachis. In a de- compound frond, this main rachis is called the primary rachis. Seg- ments (not divided to the rachis) are seen at the tip, and down to h on one side and to m on the other. Pinnae are shown at i, k, I, 0, n. The pinna 0 is entire ; n is crenate-dentate; i is sinuate or wavy, with an auricle at the base ; k and /are compound. The pinna k has twelve entire pin- nules. (Is there ever an even number of pinnules on any pinna?) Pinna / has nine compound pinnules, each bearing several entire ultimate pinnules. The spores. —187. Lay a mature fruiting frond of any fern on white paper, top side up, and allow it to remain in a dry, warm place. The spores will discharge on the paper. 188. Lay the full-grown (but not dry) cap of a mushroom or toadstool bottom down on a sheet of clean paper, under a venti- lated box in a warm, dry place. A da
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Keywords: ., bookauthorbai, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectbotany
