Elements of biology, with special Elements of biology, with special reference to their rôle in the lives of animals elementsofbiolog00buch Year: 1933 ^ B C D £ Fig. 5.—Diagrams illustrating several t>^pes of cell shapes. A, columnar, as arc the cells forming the lining of the human intestine; B, pavement, the shape and arrangement of cells lining the bladder; C, spindle, as the muscle cells in the wall of the stomach; D, nerve, the general shape of nerve cells in the spinal cord; E, cylindrical, characteristic of the long muscle cells which make up the large voluntary muscles. In addition


Elements of biology, with special Elements of biology, with special reference to their rôle in the lives of animals elementsofbiolog00buch Year: 1933 ^ B C D £ Fig. 5.—Diagrams illustrating several t>^pes of cell shapes. A, columnar, as arc the cells forming the lining of the human intestine; B, pavement, the shape and arrangement of cells lining the bladder; C, spindle, as the muscle cells in the wall of the stomach; D, nerve, the general shape of nerve cells in the spinal cord; E, cylindrical, characteristic of the long muscle cells which make up the large voluntary muscles. In addition to those illustrated, plant and animal cells assume many other shapes. many cells the protoplasm Is a stiff jelly which resists a tendency to form a sphere. In other cells the contents are confined and the cell has the shape imposed by the confining walls. The shape of some cells is determined by the fact that they are compressed to- gether. But in general, the shape of the cell is as peculiar to it as are its other features and functions, an expression of its organi- zation (Fig. 5). Function of Cell Structures. The fact that these different intracellular types of protoplasm differ in appearance, react dif- ferently to chemical agents and to artificial staining, and are regu- lar in location and behavior in all cells, proves that protoplasm in


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