. Field and woodland plants. flowers we shall note two species, the firstbeing the Woolly-headed Plume-thistle {Cardials eriophorus),conmion in chalkyfields, where itthrows up its large,cottony heads toa height of fromthree to five feetdiuing July andAugust. In orderto distinguish itfrom other similarthistles we mustnote that its stemis not wnged, andthat the deeply-divided leaves,with bifid lobes,half clasp the stemat the base; alsothat the involucrebracts are lanceo-late, with long,reflexed heads of thisthistle are of apale pm-ple colour,of a globular form,two to three inchesin di
. Field and woodland plants. flowers we shall note two species, the firstbeing the Woolly-headed Plume-thistle {Cardials eriophorus),conmion in chalkyfields, where itthrows up its large,cottony heads toa height of fromthree to five feetdiuing July andAugust. In orderto distinguish itfrom other similarthistles we mustnote that its stemis not wnged, andthat the deeply-divided leaves,with bifid lobes,half clasp the stemat the base; alsothat the involucrebracts are lanceo-late, with long,reflexed heads of thisthistle are of apale pm-ple colour,of a globular form,two to three inchesin diameter, andcovered with athick, cottonygrowth. Our other example of the Composite flowers is the PloughmansSpikenard {Inula Conyza), which is common on chalky banks andpastures, flowering from July to September. It is an erect, downyplant, from two to five feet high, with oval, lanceolate, downyleaves of a dull green colour. The upper leaves are entire and sessile,while the lower are toothed and stalked. The numerous flower-. THE Yellow-wort. 304 FIELD AND WOODLAND PLANTS licads are of a dull yellow colour, with leaflike bracts, arrangedin a branched corymb. The involucre bracts are linear andreflexed, and the ray florets are inconspicuous. Two representatives of the order Gentianaccce are commonlyfound on chalk hills and pastures ; they are the Field Gentian{Gentiana campestris), and the PerfoUate Yellow-wort {Chloraperfoliata or Bhickstonia perfoliala). The former is an erect plant,from four to ten inches high, with a branclied stem ; opposite, sessile leaves; and conspicuous,bluish-purple flowers, bloom-ing in August and calyx is cleft into four,the two outer segments beinglarge and ovate. The corollais also four-cleft, and salver-shaped. The Yellow-wort is anerect, glaucous plant, with animbranched stem from six toeighteen inches in height, andl:)eautiful yellow flowers, fromfour to nine in number,arranged in a cyme. Theleaves are in widely-separatedpairs, vin
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