Carpenter's principles of human physiology . is thickest where the pressure is greatest, and thecells are found to be somewhat flattened near the free surface, irregularly dis-tributed in sets of from four to eight or more near the centre, and perpendicu-larly placed in that part which lies nearest the bone. Embryonal cartilage isalways isotropous, as is also the middle layer of articular cartilage; but thesuperficial and deep layers are doubly refracting.§ In the elastic or reticulatedcartilage of the ear, epiglottis, and cartilages of Santorini and Wrisberg,the matrix is of a yellowish colou
Carpenter's principles of human physiology . is thickest where the pressure is greatest, and thecells are found to be somewhat flattened near the free surface, irregularly dis-tributed in sets of from four to eight or more near the centre, and perpendicu-larly placed in that part which lies nearest the bone. Embryonal cartilage isalways isotropous, as is also the middle layer of articular cartilage; but thesuperficial and deep layers are doubly refracting.§ In the elastic or reticulatedcartilage of the ear, epiglottis, and cartilages of Santorini and Wrisberg,the matrix is of a yellowish colour, and pervaded with elastic fibres (Fig. 34).From this form of tissue the transition is easy to the Jibro-cartilages exemplified * Ogston, Journ. of Ariat. and Phys., vol. x., 1875, p. Heitzmann, Jahrb, 1872, p. 339; Budge, Archiv. Anat.,Band xiv., p. 54;Bubnoft, Sitz-bcr. d. K. Akad. zu Wien, 1868; Ranvier, Trait 6 Technique, 1877, p. Baber, Journ. of Anat. and Phys., vol. x., 1875, p. 113. § Ranvier, loc. cit. p. Elementary part fromCartilage of Frog,treated with carmine,successive 46 CONNECTIVE TISSUES BONE. Fig. 34. in the symphysis pubis, the intervertebral substance, the interarticular cartilagesof the knee and other joints, the glenoid and cotyloid ligaments, and the carti-lages lining the grooves for tendons ; in all of which the matrix is almost entirely converted into firm and close-set interlacingconnective tissue fibres. The costal, as wellas the fibro-cartilages are invested by a denselayer of connective tissue, containing vesselstermed the periosteum ; and although the twotissues may be separated by prolonged ma-ceration, they are structurally continuous withone another. The nutrition of cartilage whenin thin laminas is sufficiently provided for bythe process of imbibition; but in the caseof the thicker masses it is effected partly byminute vessels which, proceeding from theperichondrium, dip into its outer surface andform loops, and par
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