. Textbook of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm. maizeand sugar cane). The under-giound stems, or rootstocks(rhizomes), are likewise jointedand have sometimes, as in themarram grass, a hard, sharp-pointed, growing apex, whichenables the rootstock to pushits way through the resistantsoil. Occasionally, as in thereed Phragmites communis, ofour eastern fenlands, rhizomesare found, as thick, as afountain pen, and meterslong, enabling this marsh grassto spread with great rapidityin the occupation of new areasof marshland. Two
. Textbook of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm. maizeand sugar cane). The under-giound stems, or rootstocks(rhizomes), are likewise jointedand have sometimes, as in themarram grass, a hard, sharp-pointed, growing apex, whichenables the rootstock to pushits way through the resistantsoil. Occasionally, as in thereed Phragmites communis, ofour eastern fenlands, rhizomesare found, as thick, as afountain pen, and meterslong, enabling this marsh grassto spread with great rapidityin the occupation of new areasof marshland. Two types ofbranching of the erect stemhave been distinguished. Theextravaginal method is wherethe new lateral branch breaksthrough the sheaths of thebasal leaves of the stem givingrise to horizontal method of branching istypical of the sod-, or turf-forming grasses, and thesealone are suitable in the con-struction of lawns croquet P^^- 4^-—Wheat plant showing the general habit L, of grasses. {Robbins.) grounds and golf courses. Ihe prairies of the middle west owe their closed turf to the presence of. 124 PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL BOTANY grasses of this sort. The second method of branching has been termedthe intravaginal where the new branches grow inside of the sheathparallel to the stem, finally breaking out at the top of the grasses are known as bunch, hassock, or tussock grasses and arecharacteristic of the western plains, or steppes of the world, where thetufts of grasses are separated by intervals of soil bare of grasses. Whenthe stem of grasses, especially agricultural grasses, such as maize, rye andwheat, are prostrated by a wind storm, they are said to be mechanical tissue, which the stem may have, will prevent lodging, ifthe wind be sufficiently strong. Frequently after lodging, the stem will
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Keywords: ., book, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectpoisonousplants
