The international geography . surface, which maybe called the plateauof Yunnan. Almosteverywhere even thevalley bottoms, all ofsmall extent, are above 5,000, some even above 7,000 feet in elevation,and on all sides there is a sharp descent to the surrounding the east the mountains are so arranged as to form fairly well-marked isolated river basins belonging in the north, mostly to thegreat basin of the Yangtse (they include the Kwei, the Tungting lake,and the Poyang lake), in the south to that of the Si-kiang, and in thesouth-east to minor independent streams. In the south-east the
The international geography . surface, which maybe called the plateauof Yunnan. Almosteverywhere even thevalley bottoms, all ofsmall extent, are above 5,000, some even above 7,000 feet in elevation,and on all sides there is a sharp descent to the surrounding the east the mountains are so arranged as to form fairly well-marked isolated river basins belonging in the north, mostly to thegreat basin of the Yangtse (they include the Kwei, the Tungting lake,and the Poyang lake), in the south to that of the Si-kiang, and in thesouth-east to minor independent streams. In the south-east the mostimportant independent basin is that of the Min. The general nameof Nan-shan ( Southern Mountains ) is given to the highlands separatingthe northern from the southern and south-eastern basins. Just east of theRed Basin the spurs of these mountains advance in many places close upto the banks of the Yangtse, thus impeding communication eastwards onthis side also, while a further hindrance is presented by the series of gorges. Fig 265.—China, showing the Chief Routes and Mountains. The Chinese Empire 525 obstructed by more or less difficult rapids through which the river flowsbetween Chungking and Ichang. Geology and Minerals.—The geology of China is, as a rule, veryimperfectly known, especially in the south. The Tsinling-shan and Funiu-shan systems are nearly as marked a dividing line from the geological asfrom the orographical point of view. They are almost entirely composed ofancient granites, gneisses, and other crystalline rocks, along with variouseruptive rocks. To the north, underneath the loess, the prevaihng rocksbelong to the Carboniferous system, while to the south there extends avast area of Jurassic strata embracing all the Red Basin. At variousplaces on both flanks of the dividing ranges, especially in the east, thereare extensive deposits of what have been designated the Sinic (Chinese)formations, which lie at the bottom of all the fossiliferous strata ofChin
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectgeography, bookyear19
