Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954), a British mathematician, is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. During World War II he worked for the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking center that produced Ultra intelligence. For a while Turing led Hut 8, the section responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. Turing played a pivotal role in cracking intercepted coded messages that helped enable the Allies to defeat the Nazis. (Photo circa 1930s)

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