. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. RUBIALE8. 517 ular (actinomorphic); leaves witli stipules. A large order of over 4000 species, the greater part of which inhabit tropical countries. It is divided into twenty-five tribes, many of which difier so greatly from each other that they have been regarded as orders by some botanists. The most common representatives of this order in the United States are the species of Galium (Bedstraw or Cleavers), Mitcliella (Partridge Berry), and Houstonia (Bluets). Ceplialanthus occidentalis, the Button Bush of the Eastern United States, is a tall shr
. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. RUBIALE8. 517 ular (actinomorphic); leaves witli stipules. A large order of over 4000 species, the greater part of which inhabit tropical countries. It is divided into twenty-five tribes, many of which difier so greatly from each other that they have been regarded as orders by some botanists. The most common representatives of this order in the United States are the species of Galium (Bedstraw or Cleavers), Mitcliella (Partridge Berry), and Houstonia (Bluets). Ceplialanthus occidentalis, the Button Bush of the Eastern United States, is a tall shrub bearing glossy green leaves and spherical heads of white, sweet-scented flowers. It deserves to be ranked among our ornamental shrubs. Pinckneya pubens, a small tree of the Southeastern United States, is known as Georgia Bark, or Fever Tree, on account of the medicinal qualities of its bark. Cinchona, of several species. This South American genus contains thirty or more species of trees ; several of these, as G. officinalis, FiGS. 451-5.—Illustrations or Coffea Ababica. All Pig. 451. Fig. 452. Fig. 453. Fig. 454. Fig. 455. Fig. 451.—Berry. Fig. 452.—Seed ; ventral face. Fig. 453.—Seed ; dorsal face. Fig. 454.—Transveree section of seed. Fig. 455.—Dorsal face of seed, cut away to show embryo. saya, G. succiruhra, etc., all natives of the Andean regions of Peru, Bolivia, and New Granada, furnish the drug known as Peruvian Bark. This bark contains two important alkaloids, viz. : Cinchonia (C20 H24 N2 0), and Quinia (C20 H24 N2 O2 + 3 H2 0) ; the latter as a sulphate is the exceedingly valuable medicine, Quinia Sulphate, or Quinine. Cinchona trees are now cultivated in India, Java, Mauritius, and Jamaica. Cephaelis Ijyecacuanha, a semi-shrubby plant of Brazil, supplies from its roots the well-known emetic Ipecacuanha. Coffea Arahica, the Coffee Tree, a native of Abyssinia, is a small- sized evergreen tree, bearing clusters of white flowers in the
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