. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Biodiversity Synthesis. Social relations Trade-offs and synergies between achieving the 2015 targets of the Millennium Development Goals and the 2010 target of reducing the rate of biodiversity loss make achieving each of these targets unlikely if tackled independendy, but they may be partially achievable if tackled in an integrated manner. Given that biodiversity underpins the provision of ecosystem services, which in turn affects human well-being, long-term sustainable achievement of the MDGs requires that biodiversity loss is controlled as part of MDG 7 (e
. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Biodiversity Synthesis. Social relations Trade-offs and synergies between achieving the 2015 targets of the Millennium Development Goals and the 2010 target of reducing the rate of biodiversity loss make achieving each of these targets unlikely if tackled independendy, but they may be partially achievable if tackled in an integrated manner. Given that biodiversity underpins the provision of ecosystem services, which in turn affects human well-being, long-term sustainable achievement of the MDGs requires that biodiversity loss is controlled as part of MDG 7 (ensuring environmen- tal sustainability). There are potential synergies as well as trade-offs between the shorter-term MDG targets for 2015 and reducing the rate of loss of biodiversity by 2010. For example, improving rural road networks—a common feature of hunger reduction strategies—will likely accelerate rates of biodiversity loss (directly through habi- tat fragmentation and indirectly by facilitating unsustainable harvests of bushmeat and so on). Moreover, the MA scenarios suggest that future development paths that show relatively good progress toward meeting the poverty, hunger reduc- tion, and health targets also show rela- tively high rates of habitat loss and associated loss of species over 50 years. (See Figure 4.) This does not imply that biodiversity loss is, in and of itself, good for poverty reduction. Instead, it indicates that many eco- nomic development activities aimed at income generation are likely to have negative impacts on biodiversity unless the values of biodiversity and related ecosystem services are factored in. For a reduction in the rate of bio- diversity loss to contribute to poverty alleviation, priority would need to be given to protecting the biodiversity that is of particular importance to the well-being of poor and vulnerable people. Efforts toward the 2010 targets will help to achieve MDG 7. Short-term goals and targets are not enough. Giv
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