. Animal Ecology. Animal ecology. FIG. 28-3 Characteristic holoplankton (Sverdrup e^ o/. 1942). (A) Protozoa: a) foramlnlfera Globigerina, b) dinoflagellate Gymnodinium, c) tintinnid Stenosomella, d) tintinnid Flavella, e) radiolarian Proioeysfh, f) another radiolarian, g) dinoflagellate Noc^Vuco. amounts for the shells of mollusks, the skeletons of corals, some protozoans and worms, certain algae, the other organisms and may be precipitated out of the water by bacteria. Silicon is required by sponges, some protozoans, and the phytoplankton diatoms. These salts keep cycling through the ecosyst
. Animal Ecology. Animal ecology. FIG. 28-3 Characteristic holoplankton (Sverdrup e^ o/. 1942). (A) Protozoa: a) foramlnlfera Globigerina, b) dinoflagellate Gymnodinium, c) tintinnid Stenosomella, d) tintinnid Flavella, e) radiolarian Proioeysfh, f) another radiolarian, g) dinoflagellate Noc^Vuco. amounts for the shells of mollusks, the skeletons of corals, some protozoans and worms, certain algae, the other organisms and may be precipitated out of the water by bacteria. Silicon is required by sponges, some protozoans, and the phytoplankton diatoms. These salts keep cycling through the ecosystem, but additions to the supply come continually from the land, being washed into the oceans by the rivers. Neritic waters are especially fertile and support a great mass and variety of animal life because of this land drainage and the pattern of water circulation on the continental shelf. Biological productivity de- creases progressively from shallow waters over the continental shelf, to deeper waters, to the open ocean, but is also high over offshore banks and in areas of upwelling. Substantial amounts of nitrogen salts are also swept out of the air by precipitation, and there is nitrogen-fixation by FIG. 28-3 (B) Coelenterates and ctenophores: a) connb-jeiiy Pleurobrachia, b) siphonophore Velella, c] jellyfish Aglanfho, d) siphonophore Diphyes. It is of interest that atoms of phosphorus, nitro- gen, and carbon occur in sea water in ratios of 1:15:1000 and in plankton in ratios of 1:16:106. This means that there is an overabundance of carbon available in the sea for absorption by the phytoplank- ton, but phosphorus and nitrogen may be limiting for further increases in the population of organisms (Redfield 1958). Oxygen The oxygen supply of sea water comes by diffu- sion from the air at the surface and from photosyn- thesis of green plants down to the compensation point. It is continuously used at all depths in respira- tion of animals and plants and in the decompos
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionbiodive, booksubjectanimalecology
