. Elementary text-book of zoology. Zoology. 524 IN SECT A. tera, fig. 430). While the labium is usually reduced to a simple plate with two lateral palps (palpi labiales), in the Ort/toptera we can distinguish a proximal piece (submentum), fixed to the throat, from a second piece, bearing the two palps (mention), at the point of which there is a piece, the tongue (ylosm) (fig. 430, e, L. in), and sometimes secondary pieces, the paraglossce (L. ex). The sub- mentum evidently corresponds to the fused basal joints (cardo), the mentum to the fused shafts (stipes), the simple or bifid glossa to the
. Elementary text-book of zoology. Zoology. 524 IN SECT A. tera, fig. 430). While the labium is usually reduced to a simple plate with two lateral palps (palpi labiales), in the Ort/toptera we can distinguish a proximal piece (submentum), fixed to the throat, from a second piece, bearing the two palps (mention), at the point of which there is a piece, the tongue (ylosm) (fig. 430, e, L. in), and sometimes secondary pieces, the paraglossce (L. ex). The sub- mentum evidently corresponds to the fused basal joints (cardo), the mentum to the fused shafts (stipes), the simple or bifid glossa to the lobus interims, and the paraglossse to the lobus externus of the first maxilla?. Median projections on the internal surface of the upper and lower lips are distinguished as epipharynx and hypo- plianjnx respectively. The above description refers to insects which gnaw or bite their food. When the food is fluid, the mouth parts, either in whole or part, become so remarkably modi- fied that it required the penetration of Savigny to establish their morphological relations. The biting mouth parts found in the orders of the Coleoptera, the Neuroptera and the OrtJioptera are most nearly allied to the mouth parts of the Hymenoptera, which may be described as a licking apparatus (fig. 431). The upper lip and mandibles agree with those of the biting apparatus, but the maxilla? and la- bium are more or less elongated and modi- FIG. 431. —Mouth parts of fied, to admit of licking and sucking up Aittho/jhtira ref>i«ti (after .1 • i Mouth parts adapted for suckiny are found in the Lepidoptera, where the first maxilla? are united to form a sucking tube, while the other parts are more or less aborted (fig. 432). Finally the piercing mouth parts of the Diptera and Rhynchota also possess a sucking apparatus, which is usually formed of the labium ; but there are also styliform wea- pons, by means of which access is gained to the nourishing fluid, which is to be sucked up (figs. 433, 434).
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectzoology, bookyear1884
