. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN No. 435 yfZ, Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology. ^ ^^.^^ L. O. HOWARD, Chief. JZf^^^^U. Washington, D. C. November 25, 1916 THE APPLE LEAF-SEWER. By B. R. Leach, Scientific Assistant, Deciduous Fruit Insect Investigations. CONTENTS. Introduction 1 History 2 Distribution 2 Feeding habits and character of injury 2 Description of stages 4 Spring pupation of wintering larvae '. 6 Emergence of moths 7 Oviposition of moths 8 Length of life of moths 8 Habits of moths 9
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN No. 435 yfZ, Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology. ^ ^^.^^ L. O. HOWARD, Chief. JZf^^^^U. Washington, D. C. November 25, 1916 THE APPLE LEAF-SEWER. By B. R. Leach, Scientific Assistant, Deciduous Fruit Insect Investigations. CONTENTS. Introduction 1 History 2 Distribution 2 Feeding habits and character of injury 2 Description of stages 4 Spring pupation of wintering larvae '. 6 Emergence of moths 7 Oviposition of moths 8 Length of life of moths 8 Habits of moths 9 Incubation of eggs 9 Larval feeding period 10 Hibernation lo Natiu-al enemies 11 Remedial measures 11 Siunmary 12 Bibliography 13 INTRODUCTION. In the summer of 1914, while engaged in deciduous-fruit insect investigations at Winchester, Va., the writer's attention was attracted by the common occurrence of the apple leaf-sewer, Ancylis nuheculana Clemens, sometimes termed the apple leaf-folder, upon apple foliage. Although injury to apple foUage by the larva of this insect was recorded by Riley as early as 1877, very Uttle concerning it has been published since. This apparent lack of attention may be attributed to the fact that although common and widely distributed, it has occurred so far only at infrequent intervals in sufhcientiy large num- bers to cause serious damage and attract special notice to it, as an economic pest. The feeding habits of the larva, while interesting when contrasted with those of other leaf-inhabiting species, are such as, imder certain conditions, render the insect capable of considerable damage to the foliage of the apple, especially in young orchards receiving indifferent care. At the suggestion and under the direction of Dr. A. L. Quain- tance, of the Bureau of Entomology, the study of the ])iology of this insect was made in the sumiiKu- of \\)\A and —This bulletin will bo found of value to applo (jrowers in the North and Central Adan
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