. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. PRIMULACEAE 6i (ellipsoidal, or ovoid to tetrahedral), beset with a network of papillae, variable in size (25-30 jx in diameter). Visitors.—I observed the honey-bee, po-cltg. 1797. L. thyrsifolia (Warming, Bot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, ii, 1877 ; Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, p. 326; Warnstorf, Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, , 1896.)—The flowers of this species are protogjnous. The ovary is covered with small papillae, which Kerner says serve as
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. PRIMULACEAE 6i (ellipsoidal, or ovoid to tetrahedral), beset with a network of papillae, variable in size (25-30 jx in diameter). Visitors.—I observed the honey-bee, po-cltg. 1797. L. thyrsifolia (Warming, Bot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, ii, 1877 ; Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, p. 326; Warnstorf, Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, , 1896.)—The flowers of this species are protogjnous. The ovary is covered with small papillae, which Kerner says serve as food to visitors. Warnstorff states that the receptive stigma projects from the flowers before they open. After they have done so, the stamens become erect and are remote from the stigma, sometimes attaining the same level and sometimes being a little shorter. The pollen-grains are yellow in colour, ellipsoidal, finely tuberculate, up to 31 /a long and 19 /u broad. Kerner states that geitonogamy takes place should insect-visits fail, for the filaments elongate and bend in such a way as to transfer the pollen to the stigmas of adjacent flowers. Visitors.—I saw the po-dvg. hover-fly Syritta pipiens L. 1798. L. ciliata L. (=Steironema ciliatum Rafin).—Kerner says that in this species also there are little papillae on the ovary which are devoured by insect visitors. 540. Anagallis L. Homogamous pollen flowers. 1799. A. arvensis L. ( = A. phoenicea Scop.). (Delpino, 'Ale. app.'; Herm. Miiller, ' Ferdlisation,' pp. 390-2 ; Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PL,' Eng. Kd. i, II, p. 217 ;. Fig. 23^'. Anagallis arz'Ciisis, L. ; and A. caerulea, Sclireb. lafter Herm. Miiller). (i) Fully op^;n {[ow^r o[ A. nrveiisis. (j) Hall-open (lower of do. (31 Full}-open flower of-4. £"a^;-7//trii. {4) Do., seen from the side, after removal of part of the ealyx and corolla. a, anthers; />, petals; .9, sepals; St, stigma. MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, pp. 442-3; Kirchner, ' Flora v.
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