"Testing of the Pit" was a method of torture applied to Christians. Victims were hung upside down with their heads in excrement. Under Toyotomi Hideyoshi and the succeeding Tokugawa shogunate (1600- 1868), Catholic Christianity was repressed and adherents were persecuted. During these times, many Christians were killed in Japan, some by crucifixion; most famously, the twenty-six martyrs of Japan were tortured and crucified on crosses outside Nagasaki to discourage Christianity in 1597.
Imperial China, Persecution of Christians, 1600s
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