Popish Plot Titus Oates Anti Catholic hysteria assassinate Charles II hang hanging capital torture whipping
The Popish Plot was a fictitious conspiracy concocted by Titus Oates that gripped England, Wales and Scotland in Anti-Catholic hysteria between 1678 and 1681. Oates alleged that there existed an extensive Catholic conspiracy to assassinate Charles II, accusations that led to the execution of at least 15 men and precipitated the Exclusion Bill Crisis. Eventually Oates' intricate web of accusations fell apart, leading to his arrest and conviction for perjury. The Popish Plot was exacerbated by many historical events in the sixteenth century and was only successful as a fictive plot because circumstances before 1687 increased anti-Catholic sentiment among the mostly Protestant population of England. Anti-catholic fears are observed as early as 1533 with the English Reformation. Also, the Ridolfi Plot in 1571, the Babington Plot of 1580, and the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 all contributed to Catholic paranoia. The rule of Mary I, also known as Bloody Mary, the attack of the Spanish Armada, and the Great Fire of 1666 were other events that were important contributors to anti-Catholic sentiment. All of these events intensified Protestant hatred of Catholics and made the plot believable.
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