. An introduction to the osteology of the mammalia . pho-lunar bone (Fig. 93, st), withwhich the centrale is united, the latter never appearingx asa distinct bone, except sometimes in very young radial accessory ossicle or sesamoid (rs) is generallypresent. All have five digits, with the complete complementof phalanges, except the Hyaena, in which genus the pollex 1 See B. G. Wilder, On the Composition of the Carpus in Cornell University, vol. i. p. 301, 1874. 288 7 HE MAN US. [CHAP. is represented only by a rudimentary metacarpal. This digitis usually much reduced in si
. An introduction to the osteology of the mammalia . pho-lunar bone (Fig. 93, st), withwhich the centrale is united, the latter never appearingx asa distinct bone, except sometimes in very young radial accessory ossicle or sesamoid (rs) is generallypresent. All have five digits, with the complete complementof phalanges, except the Hyaena, in which genus the pollex 1 See B. G. Wilder, On the Composition of the Carpus in Cornell University, vol. i. p. 301, 1874. 288 7 HE MAN US. [CHAP. is represented only by a rudimentary metacarpal. This digitis usually much reduced in size, and often, as in the Dog,does not reach the ground in walking. It is best developedin the Bears and allied forms. The first metacarpal is nevermore freely movable than any of the others. As a generalrule the middle digit is somewhat the longest, the secondand fourth nearly equal to it, the fifth shorter, and the firstthe As the toes are nearly always armed with large, strong,curved, and sharp claws (see Fig. 94), the ungual phalanges. FIG. 94.—The phalanges of the middle digit of the manus of the Lion (Fclis leo), ~\- proximal phalanx ; p/i2 middle phalanx; pJfi ungual phalanx ; a the centralportion forming the internal support to the horny claw ; <Jthe hony lamina reflectedaround the base of the claw. (pfc) are large, strongly compressed, and pointed, and theydevelop from their base a broad thin lamina of bone (//), 1 The fissiped Carnivora have been divided into two groups, accord-ing to the position of the feet in walking—the Plantigrade, or thosethat place the whole of the palmar and plantar surface to the ground ;and the Digitigrade, or those that walk only upon the phalanges, themetacarpals and metatarsals being vertical and in a line with the fore-arm or leg. This distinction, however, is quite an artificial one, andevery intermediate condition exists between the extreme typical planti-grade gait of the bears and the true digitigrade action of t
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectbones, bookyear1885
