. The outline of history : being a plain history of life and mankind. and Byzantine policy had so inter-hired parts of its garrison to assist them in twined that it is difficult to say whether thetheir various campaigns ; the sons of the Turks regarded the Greeks as their allies,Emperors and Byzantine statesmen even enemies, or subjects, or whether the Greeks looked upon the Turksas their tyrants, destroy-ers, or protectors. . ^It was in 1453, underthe Ottoman Sultan,Muhammad II, thatConstantinople at lastfell to the Moslems. Heattacked it from theEuropean side, and witha great power of artill
. The outline of history : being a plain history of life and mankind. and Byzantine policy had so inter-hired parts of its garrison to assist them in twined that it is difficult to say whether thetheir various campaigns ; the sons of the Turks regarded the Greeks as their allies,Emperors and Byzantine statesmen even enemies, or subjects, or whether the Greeks looked upon the Turksas their tyrants, destroy-ers, or protectors. . ^It was in 1453, underthe Ottoman Sultan,Muhammad II, thatConstantinople at lastfell to the Moslems. Heattacked it from theEuropean side, and witha great power of Greek Emperor waskilled, and there wasmuch looting andmassacre. The greatchurch of Saint Sophiawhich Justinian theGreat had built (532) wasplundered of its treasuresand turned at once intoa mosque. This eventsent a wave of excitementthrougliout Europe, andan attempt was made toorganize a crusade, but the days of thecrusades were past. Says Sir Mark Sykes : To the Turks thecapture of Constantinople was a crowningmercy and yet a fatal blow. Constantinople. accompanied the Turkish forces in thefield, yet the Ottomans never ceased toannex Imperial territories and cities bothin Asia and Thrace. This curious inter-course between the House of Osman and the Imperial government had a profound had been the tutor and polisher of the Turkseffect on both institutions ; the Greeks grew So long as the Ottomans could draw science. more and more debased and demoralizedby the shifts and tricks that their mili-tary weakness obliged them to adopt to-wards their neighbours, the Turks werecorrupted by the alien atmosphere of in- learning, philosophy, art, and tolerance froma living fountain of civilization in the heartof their dominions, so long had the Ottomansnot only brute force, but intellectual long as the Ottoman Empire had in Con- trigue and treachery which crept into their stantinople a free port, a market, a centre ofdomestic life. Fratricide and parricide, the world financ
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