Topographisch-anatomischer, Braune, 1872
Table 3. Anatomical atlas "Topographisch-anatomischer Atlas nach Durchschnitten an gefrornen Cadavern" by Christian Wilhelm Braune, with illustrations by C. Schmiedel, published in 1872. Later translated into English as "An atlas of topographical anatomy: after plane sections of frozen bodies". Christian Wilhelm Braune (July 17, 1831 - April 29, 1892) was a German anatomist. He is known for his excellent lithographs of cross-sections of the human body, and his pioneer work in biomechanics. He also pioneered the use of frozen cadavers for anatomical investigations. Braune was inspired by the photographic work of French scientist Ìätienne-Jules Marey involving anatomical movement. With Otto Fischer, he conducted research involving the position of the center of gravity in the human body and its various segments. By first determining the planes of the "gravitational centers" of the longitudinal, sagittal and frontal axes of a frozen human cadaver in a given position, and then dissecting the cadaver with a saw, they were able to establish the center of gravity of the body and its component parts. Braune and Fischer also did extensive work on the fundamentals of resistive forces that the body's muscles need to overcome during movement.
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